On November 6th 1938 a young German Jewish student called Hirsch Grynspan, who was studying in Paris, got a report that his parents had been beaten up by Hitler’s Stormtroopers. He immediately went to the German Embassy and shot a high-ranking official called Ernst vom Rath who died 3 days after. This let out an attack on Jewish possessions and people right across Germany.
In about 2 nights, 9th and 10th of November 1938, 117 synagogues were destroyed, 7500 shops were burgled and 91 Jews were killed. This became known as Kristallnacht.
In about 2 nights, 9th and 10th of November 1938, 117 synagogues were destroyed, 7500 shops were burgled and 91 Jews were killed. This became known as Kristallnacht.
Source 4: Message from SS Gruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich to all State Police on 10th November 1938 after the shooting of vom Rath
“Following the attempt on the life of the Secretary of the Legation (embassy) vom Rath in Paris, demonstrations against the Jews are expected in all parts of the Reich (Germany) in the course of the coming night. The instructions below are to be applied in dealing with these events:
a) Only such measures are to be taken as do not endanger German lives or property (i.e. synagogues are to be burned down only where there is not danger of fire in neighboring buildings).
b) Place of business and apartments belonging to Jews may be destroyed but not looted. The police are instructed to supervise the observance (obeying) of this order and to arrest looters.
c) In commercial streets particular care is to be taken that non-Jewish businesses are completely protected against damage.
d) Foreign citizens - even if they are Jews - are not to be molested (attacked).
On the assumption that the guidelines are observed, the demonstrations are not to be prevented by the police.
“Following the attempt on the life of the Secretary of the Legation (embassy) vom Rath in Paris, demonstrations against the Jews are expected in all parts of the Reich (Germany) in the course of the coming night. The instructions below are to be applied in dealing with these events:
a) Only such measures are to be taken as do not endanger German lives or property (i.e. synagogues are to be burned down only where there is not danger of fire in neighboring buildings).
b) Place of business and apartments belonging to Jews may be destroyed but not looted. The police are instructed to supervise the observance (obeying) of this order and to arrest looters.
c) In commercial streets particular care is to be taken that non-Jewish businesses are completely protected against damage.
d) Foreign citizens - even if they are Jews - are not to be molested (attacked).
On the assumption that the guidelines are observed, the demonstrations are not to be prevented by the police.
Source 5:
On the 10th of November 1939, the Ober Ramstadt synagogue in Germany was set on fire. The firemen prevented the fire from spreading to the neighboring house but did not try to save the synagogue.
On the 10th of November 1939, the Ober Ramstadt synagogue in Germany was set on fire. The firemen prevented the fire from spreading to the neighboring house but did not try to save the synagogue.
Source 6:
On the 19th November 1938, a Jewish shop in Berlin with shattered glass with Germans passing. Afterwards, all Jewish shopkeepers were obligated to pay for the damage and the cleaning up.
On the 19th November 1938, a Jewish shop in Berlin with shattered glass with Germans passing. Afterwards, all Jewish shopkeepers were obligated to pay for the damage and the cleaning up.
Starting on November 9th and up until November 10th 1938, in an event called “Kristallnacht”, Nazis burned synagogues (a building where a Jewish assembly meets for religious workshop and instruction), destroyed Jewish homes, schools, businesses and murdered up to 100 Jews. As result to Kristallnacht, also known as the “Night of Broken Glass”, about 30,000 Jewish men were captured and sent to Nazi concentration camps. German Jews did not have much liberty as all the other citizens did since Hitler judged them guilty for bad economical situations in Germany and around Europe. However, before Kristallnacht, these Nazi strategies had been firstly nonviolent and peaceful but after Kristallnacht, the conditions for German Jews grew worse. During WW2, Hitler and the Nazis applied their “Final Solution” to the “Jewish problem”, which carried out the murder of 6 million European Jews in what came to be known as the Holocaust.
70 years of Kristallnacht
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